NeurodivergenCe (ND)

Neurodivergence (ND) describes ways of thinking, learning, sensing, communicating, or processing information that differ from what is considered typical, or neurotypical (NT). A person whose brain functions in these ways may be described as neurodivergent (ND) or neuroatypical. Neurodivergence commonly includes autism, ADHD, dyslexia and other learning disabilities, Tourette’s syndrome, and some forms of sensory processing differences. Broader uses of the term may also include conditions such as OCD. Giftedness and synesthesia are sometimes included because they also involve atypical patterns of cognition or perception.

The concept reflects a shift away from viewing every neurological difference as an abnormality that should be corrected. Neurodivergence can bring strengths as well as difficulties, and some differences are not disabling at all. Others can cause substantial impairment and may require treatment, accommodations, or support. Because many neurodivergent traits vary in type and degree, people may show some associated characteristics without meeting the diagnostic criteria for a particular condition. Also see Neurodevelopmental and Neurodiversity