Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) or TF-Narcissism (TFP-N)

Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) or TF-narcissism (TFP-N) is a psychodynamic therapy originally designed for borderline personality disorder (BPD). It’s based on object relations theory, which views personality disorders (PDs) as caused by problems in forming self-identity and relationships with others. Adapted for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and pathological narcissism, especially comorbid NPD–BPD, TFP-N’s core goal is to help patients understand and identify distorted mental representations and modify how they relate to others, improve emotional regulation, and reduce self-harm and suicidal behaviors. With a focus on the therapeutic relationship (transference), the therapist and patient interpret maladaptive representations of self–other (object dyads). Especially in the beginning, TFP uses techniques such as a contracting phase and the therapist’s neutrality to facilitate insight, develop a more integrated and realistic sense of self–other, with the goal of a healthier personality function in real-world settings.