Reward Processing

Reward processing is how we evaluate the value of potential rewards—to receive and then assess whether the received reward matches the anticipated one. It also includes reward learning. Rewards can elicit positive reinforcers and vice versa — positive reinforcers are rewarding. Impaired reward processing may be involved in major depressive disorder (MDD), substance use disorder (SUD), PTSD, ADHD, and schizophrenia. Also see Reward System and Dopamine Pathways. Reward processing components:

• Option generation or creating potentially rewarding behavioral options
• Decision-making from a cost-and-benefit analysis of each option to select one
• Reward anticipation prepares—along with physiological arousal—before obtaining the reward
• Action and effort to obtain the reward
• Consummation is the hedonic effect of interacting with the reward
• Reward learning modifies behavior in future interactions with similar stimuli