Perceived Control Theory of Narcissism (PCTN)

Perceived control theory of narcissism (PCTN) suggests the different ways narcissists perceive their ability to control their environment and influence positive outcomes is key distinction between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Both subtypes of narcissism (together called by researchers trait narcissism) share traits like entitlement, self-centeredness, and a lack of empathy. Grandiose narcissists believe they have high control over their own outcomes, the behavior of others, and the world around them. Conversely, vulnerable narcissists feel a lack of control or are more sensitive to perceived threats to their sense of control. The theory holds these contrasting perceptions lead to different narcissistic expressions, such as “thick-skinned” grandiosity versus “thin-skinned” vulnerability. PCTN studies investigate the relationship between trait narcissism and perceived control.