Paradox of Choice:

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A paradox of choice, similar to choice overload, is when too many options lead to unexpected negative consequences. Popularized by psychologist Barry Schwartz in his book, The Paradox of Choice, it shows the counterintuitive idea that more choices lead to less satisfaction, anxiety, and regret, rather than greater freedom, happiness, and empowerment. He refers to this overwhelmed feeling as decision paralysis (decision fatigue). Dissatisfaction with final choices may result from not focusing on what we wanted and potential for making a better choice, even though we may have made a good choice in the first place. Also see Choice Theory and Choice Shifts. Schwartz introduced the following two concepts:

  • Satisficers find a “good enough” option to meet needs or criteria, stopping searching when finding something acceptable — a more efficient approach with greater satisfaction, as they’re less likely to experience regret or anxiety about missing out on a better option. Like, choosing the first restaurant that looks appealing and has good reviews, rather than spending hours researching. 
  • Maximizers spend considerable effort researching/comparing options to find the absolute best one, with maximum benefit or utility. This approach can lead to analysis paralysis, regret, and stress, as they feel fear of missing out (FOMO) — abundance of salad dressings in grocery store takes longer decision times and less satisfaction with final choice, suggesting strategies like limiting options, treating choices as non-reversible, and practicing gratitude. 
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