Organelles:

Organelles are substructures within neuronal cytoplasm found in all cells, except those involved in transmitting electrical signals. Organelles handle protein synthesis, energy production,  packaging neurotransmitters, and waste disposal. Different organelles:

• Nucleus: Contains genetic material (DNA) and is the neuron’s control center 
• Mitochondria: Generate energy (ATP) needed for neuronal activity
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Site of protein synthesis, contains ribosomes
• Ribosomes: Small structures where protein synthesis occurs
• Golgi Apparatus: Packages and modifies proteins, particularly neurotransmitters, into vesicles
• Synaptic vesicles: Small membrane-bound sacs at presynaptic terminal, storing neurotransmitters. 
• Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down waste products within the neuron