Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept (NARC):

Narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept (NARC), along with narcissistic admiration and rivalry questionnaire (NARQ), provides a nuanced picture of two contrasting processes that grandiose narcissists use: self-enhancing admiration vs self-defensive rivalry. Developed in 2013 by German psychotherapist/researcher Mitja Black and colleagues, NARC distinguishes between the “bright” or agentic dimension of narcissistic admiration and the “dark” or antagonistic dimension of narcissistic rivalry. NARQ is an 18-item questionnaire to assess the degree of admiration vs rivalry.