Interpersonal Trauma:

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Interpersonal trauma is caused directly by another, usually a caregiver. Three trauma categories are: something done to a child (abuse/sexual abuse, witnessing or experiencing violence at home/in the community, emotional manipulation), something not done for the child (not well nurtured, physical or emotional neglect), or child not bonding/ attaching securely to caregiver (parent with own trauma, ill-health, substance abuse, in prison, separation/divorce). Research shows interpersonal trauma has more severe psychological impacts and higher rates of PTSD symptoms compared to non-interpersonal trauma.