Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factors (BDNF)

Brain-derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) is a key protein molecule or neurotrophin essential to nerve health and regeneration (neurogenesis) by promoting the survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons — important for brain repair and adaptation. It’s a key factor in the function of the entire nervous system, including growth/maintenance of synapses (synaptic plasticity) — necessary for communication between nerve cells and for brain changes related to learning, memory, and normal aging. Low BDNF levels are associated with impaired nerve function and can be implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, as well as a vulnerability to depression and anxiety disorders. A variant of BDNF can alter brain cell connections in the hippocampus, which normally prevents excess release of the stress hormone cortisol. Interventions — like exercise or antidepressants — enhance BDNF expression in both normal and pathological conditions.