Frontal Lobe:

The frontal lobe, located in the cerebrum and behind the forehead, is the most recently evolved brain area and the last to develop in young adulthood (often through one’s 20s). Special areas are the prefrontal cortex (PFC), in charge of cognitive control/executive functioning (EF) — attention, problem-solving, organization and planning, memory retrieval, emotional regulation, judgment—aided further by the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC). It also manages socially appropriate emotional impulses to behave with empathy, altruism, and the right facial expressions. A stroke in this area can release foul language and inane behaviors. Other areas are the motor cortex, responsible for body movement, and Broca’s area, involved with speech production. The frontal lobe is interconnected with three other specialized lobes: occipital, parietal, and temporal, each responsible for processing different types of information.

• Psychoeducation so patient and family learn about BD and its causes, symptoms, and cyclical nature, identify early warning signs of manic/depressive episodes, and create a relapse prevention plan. 
• Communication enhancement training to help families improve their ability to navigate conflict and discuss issues related to the disorder in a supportive way. 
• Problem-solving skills training provides families with strategies to work through problems that arise due to the disorder, like managing stress and sleep-wake cycles affected by bipolar disorder.