Agnosia:

Agnosia, coined by Sigmund Freud in 1891, is a rare neurological disorder that makes it difficult to recognize objects, people, sounds, shapes, or smells, even with working senses. It’s caused by damage to the brain’s sensory lobes due to a stroke, brain tumor, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative disorder. There’s no cure, but people can learn coping strategies to adapt. Also see Prosopagnosia (face blindness). It can effect different senses:

• Visual agnosia: Difficulty recognizing objects/people by sight even we can see, maybe can’t differentiate a poker chip from a Scrabble tile.
• Auditory agnosia: Difficulty recognizing familiar sounds, like a cough or rainfall.
• Auditory verbal agnosia or pure word deafness: Unable to understand spoken words that we hear.
• Social-emotional agnosia: Difficulty recognizing nonverbal cues, like body language.